However, physical injuries were not the only types of injuries caused by domestic violence. Walsh noted that “For many women, physical violence was not the hardest thing to cope with [emphasis hers],” citing, for example:
• “Shame, guilt and humiliation with respect to peers or concerns about shaming their parents and children;
• Fear and helplessness;
• Anger (coincided with a lower or more controlled level of violence);
• Anxiety and signs of mental disorders (feeling that you are going crazy);
• Friends and neighbours often speculate that a woman is being punished because she is not a good wife;
• Women felt trapped, with little or no hope of escaping." (Walsh 2007: 30)
***Notes
1) “It was statistically indicated that ‘while most batterers who use one form of abuse limit their actions to avoid injury, once a batterer crosses the line to a second form of abuse he may no longer control the nature of his attacks.’” (Nelson & Zimmerman 1996: 26)